If Hong Kong Mahjong is aggressive and fast, Japanese Riichi Mahjong is precise, tactical, and deeply psychological.
This is the version you see in anime, Japanese game parlors, and competitive online ladders. It rewards patience, discipline, and timing more than any other Mahjong variant.
Structurally, it still follows the classic format of:
4 melds + 1 pair
But there’s one critical twist:
⚠️ You cannot win unless your hand contains at least one Yaku.
That single rule transforms the entire game.
If you’re new to Mahjong, you may want to review the structural basics first in our Chinese Mahjong Rules Guide. Riichi builds on that foundation.
Let’s break it down step by step.
The Tile Set (136 Tiles)
Riichi Mahjong uses 136 tiles.
It removes Flower and Season tiles found in some Chinese sets.
Suits (108 tiles)
- Dots (1–9)
- Bamboo (1–9)
- Characters (1–9)
Each appears four times.
Honor Tiles (28 tiles)
- Winds: East, South, West, North
- Dragons: Red, Green, White
No bonus flower tiles are used.
If you need help with terminology, see our Mahjong Terms Glossary.
Game Setup
Riichi is played with 4 players.
Building the Wall
Each player builds:
- 34 stacks of 2 tiles
- Total 68 tiles per side
- Combined square wall
Dealing
- Each player receives 13 tiles
- Dealer (East) starts with 14
- Play proceeds counterclockwise
Objective of the Game
As in other versions:
You must complete:
4 melds + 1 pair
Melds can be:
- Chow (sequence)
- Pung (triplet)
- Kong (quad)
BUT —
Even if your hand is structurally complete, you cannot win unless it contains a Yaku.
What Is a Yaku? (The Core of Riichi)
A Yaku is a qualifying scoring pattern.
No Yaku = No Win.
This forces players to build strategically rather than just quickly completing a hand.
Common Beginner-Friendly Yaku
Here are the most important ones to learn first:
1. Riichi (1 Han)
When:
- Your hand is closed (no open melds)
- You are one tile away from winning (tenpai)
You may declare Riichi by:
- Discarding a tile sideways
- Placing a 1000-point stick in the center
From that point:
- Your hand is locked
- You cannot change structure
- You wait for your winning tile
If you win after declaring Riichi, you gain bonus value.
2. Tanyao (All Simples) – 1 Han
Hand contains:
- No 1s
- No 9s
- No honor tiles
This is one of the easiest Yaku for beginners.
3. Pinfu – 1 Han
- All sequences
- No triplets
- No value pair
- Two-sided wait
Common in closed hands.
4. Yakuhai – 1 Han
Triplet of:
- Dragons
- Your seat wind
- Prevailing round wind
Simple and reliable scoring option.
5. Tsumo – 1 Han
Winning by self-draw with a closed hand.
6. Iipeikou – 1 Han
Two identical sequences in the same suit (closed only).
Han, Fu & Final Scoring (Simplified)
Riichi scoring combines:
- Han (Yaku value)
- Fu (minipoints based on structure)
- Dora (bonus tiles)
The final score is calculated using tables.
Beginners don’t need to memorize scoring tables immediately — focus first on building legal Yaku hands.
Dora & Red Fives Explained
Riichi Mahjong includes bonus tiles called Dora.
Dora Indicator
After dealing:
- A tile is flipped
- The next tile in sequence becomes Dora
Example:
If indicator is 3 Bamboo → 4 Bamboo is Dora.
Dora increase your score.
BUT:
⚠️ Dora are NOT Yaku.
You cannot win with Dora alone.
Red Fives
Many sets include:
- One red 5 per suit
Red fives count as Dora automatically.
They are extremely valuable.
Declaring Riichi (Strategic Power Move)
When in tenpai with a closed hand:
You may declare Riichi.
This:
- Locks your hand
- Adds 1 Han
- Makes your discard visible sideways
- Puts 1000 points at stake
Benefits:
- Access to Ippatsu (win within 1 uninterrupted turn)
- Ura Dora (hidden bonus tiles revealed after win)
Risks:
- You cannot adjust hand
- Opponents become cautious
Riichi changes table psychology instantly.
Ron vs Tsumo
Ron
Win on another player’s discard.
The discarding player pays full amount.
Tsumo
Win by self-draw.
All players pay.
Tsumo is often more profitable.
Furiten Rule (Critical Defensive Rule)
If you have previously discarded a tile that would complete your winning hand:
You cannot win on that tile by Ron.
This is called Furiten.
You must win by Tsumo instead.
This rule adds heavy defensive strategy.
When Does a Hand End in a Draw?
If no one wins before tiles run out:
The hand ends in draw.
Players in tenpai may receive small payments.
Dealer rotation depends on who was in tenpai.
Riichi vs Hong Kong Mahjong
| Feature | Riichi | Hong Kong |
|---|---|---|
| Must have qualifying pattern | Yes (Yaku) | Yes (Fan minimum) |
| Bonus tiles | Dora + Red fives | Usually none |
| Riichi declaration | Yes | No |
| Scoring | Han + Fu | Fan-based |
| Complexity | High | Moderate |
If you haven’t explored Hong Kong style yet, see our full Hong Kong Mahjong Rules Guide.
Riichi vs Chinese Mahjong
Chinese Mahjong:
- No Yaku requirement
- More flexible
- Less rigid
Riichi:
- Strict Yaku system
- Heavy defensive play
- Structured scoring
For foundational structure, revisit Chinese Mahjong Rules.
Beginner Strategy Tips
1. Learn 6 Yaku First
Focus on:
- Riichi
- Tanyao
- Pinfu
- Yakuhai
- Tsumo
- Iipeikou
Ignore rare Yaku early on.
2. Stay Closed Early
Closed hands give:
- More Yaku options
- Riichi access
- Higher potential value
Opening too early limits scoring.
3. Watch Safe Tiles
Late game:
Discard tiles already discarded by Riichi players.
Defense is critical in Riichi.
4. Count Potential Han
Before declaring win:
Ask:
How many Han do I have?
Practicing Riichi Online
Riichi is best learned online because:
- Scoring is automated
- Yaku are highlighted
- Furiten is enforced
- You gain fast repetition
We break down beginner-friendly options in our
Best Online Mahjong Platforms Guide.
Even if you’re primarily interested in American-style play, structured online practice improves pattern recognition across all variants. You can see how structured systems work in our I Love Mahj Review.
Do You Need a Special Set for Riichi?
Riichi uses standard 136-tile sets.
Look for:
- Clear tile markings
- Optional red fives
- Compact tile size
Many beginner-friendly sets we reviewed in our
Best Mahjong Sets Guide work perfectly for Riichi play.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Yaku?
A qualifying scoring condition required to win.
Can I win with Dora only?
No. Dora increase score but do not qualify as Yaku.
What is Riichi?
A declaration that you are one tile away with a closed hand.
What is Furiten?
You cannot win on a discard if you previously discarded your winning tile.
Is Riichi harder than other versions?
Yes — but also more rewarding.
Why Riichi Mahjong Is Worth Learning
Riichi Mahjong is the most tactical mainstream variant.
It combines:
- Structured scoring
- Psychological warfare
- Defensive calculation
- Risk management
It rewards patience more than speed.
Once you declare Riichi for the first time — tile turned sideways, 1000 points on the line — you understand why this version has such a passionate following.
If Chinese Mahjong teaches structure,
and Hong Kong teaches scoring discipline,
Riichi teaches control.
And once you master control — every Mahjong variant becomes easier.