Mahjong is not a single game with one universal rule set. Instead, it is a family of related games, known as Mahjong variants, each with its own rules, scoring systems, and style of play.
Some versions focus on structured hands and strategy cards, while others emphasize speed, efficiency, or competitive tournament play. On this page, we introduce the most common Mahjong variants played around the world and explain how they differ.
American Mahjong
American Mahjong is the most widely played version of the game in the United States.
It is governed by the National Mah Jongg League (NMJL) and relies on an official yearly card that defines all valid hands.
Key characteristics:
- Uses jokers
- Hands are defined by the NMJL card
- Charleston passing is a core part of the game
- Emphasis on planning and pattern recognition
American Mahjong is typically played in social settings and clubs and is known for its structured and methodical gameplay.
👉 Learn more:
Chinese Mahjong
Chinese Mahjong is considered the traditional form of the game and is played widely across Asia and internationally.
Key characteristics:
- No jokers
- Players build hands freely rather than following a card
- Scoring is based on combinations and patterns
- Faster and more flexible than American Mahjong
Chinese Mahjong rewards efficiency, hand reading, and adaptability.
👉 Compare versions:
Riichi Mahjong
Riichi Mahjong is the standard form of Mahjong played in Japan and in many international tournaments.
Key characteristics:
- Strict ruleset
- Complex scoring system (han, fu, yaku)
- Emphasis on defense and discard safety
- Popular online and in competitive play
Riichi Mahjong is often considered one of the most technical and strategic Mahjong variants.
(Dedicated Riichi guide coming soon)
Hong Kong Mahjong
Hong Kong Mahjong is a simplified and fast-paced version of Chinese Mahjong.
Key characteristics:
- Minimal scoring patterns
- Fast games
- Commonly played casually and online
- Easy to learn compared to other variants
This version is popular among beginners looking for a quick introduction to Mahjong without complex scoring rules.
Mahjong Competition Rules (MCR)
Mahjong Competition Rules (MCR) were created to standardize Mahjong for international tournaments.
Key characteristics:
- Detailed scoring system
- No jokers
- Large number of scoring elements
- Designed for competitive balance
MCR is primarily played in organized competitions rather than casual settings.
Which Mahjong Variant Should You Learn?
The best Mahjong variant to learn depends on your goals:
- Casual and social play: American Mahjong
- Traditional experience: Chinese Mahjong
- Competitive strategy: Riichi Mahjong or MCR
- Fast and simple games: Hong Kong Mahjong
Many players start with one variant and later explore others to deepen their understanding of the game.
Practice Mahjong Variants Online
Several online platforms allow players to practice different Mahjong variants against real opponents or AI.
Playing online is one of the best ways to:
- Understand rule differences
- Improve hand reading
- Gain confidence faster
👉 Explore online Mahjong platforms:
Final Thoughts
Mahjong variants reflect the game’s long history and cultural diversity. While the core mechanics remain the same, each version offers a unique experience and strategic depth.
Understanding multiple Mahjong variants will not only make you a better player but also help you appreciate the richness of the game.